阿維拉市政會(huì )議及展覽中心，西班牙 / Francisco Mangado

位置:

西班牙

類(lèi)型:

建筑

標簽:

Conference Center exhibition Francisco Mangado Madrid service facility Stone 會(huì )議中心 展覽建筑 服務(wù)設施 石材 馬德里

分類(lèi):

會(huì )議中心 公共職能建筑 博物館 文化建筑

阿維拉是一座非常密集的城市，周?chē)恢惺兰o的城墻環(huán)繞著(zhù)，也限制了它的發(fā)展。它的每一處街角，每一棟建筑和每一幅收納于蜿蜒街道的框景都說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)。然而，除了空間密集之外，阿維拉還有一個(gè)更直觀(guān)的密集之處，與土壤本身的質(zhì)量有關(guān)：礦物密實(shí)度。在絕佳的景觀(guān)上點(diǎn)綴著(zhù)花崗巖石頭，并沿用于人造城墻中。阿維拉本身就是一顆身處荒蕪之中的巖石。在如此高密度的背景之下，任何空間都被賦予了新的價(jià)值，或成為對照物，或成為分界線(xiàn)。在這種情況下，廣場(chǎng)成為釋放內部空間的工具，對外強調了與城墻的關(guān)系。城墻外的區域通常用于商業(yè)活動(dòng)，掩蓋了最初用于整合城墻內外空間的中空空間。隨著(zhù)時(shí)間的推移，這些依然清晰的區域不斷調整著(zhù)城市結構。城墻墻角的空地——曾經(jīng)是河床，后來(lái)成為牲畜市場(chǎng)，也是新會(huì )議中心建造的地方，讓我們對城市空間的調整有了新的方案。

ávila is a dense and intense city. Surrounded by walls which have served to delimit and control its growth, every corner, every building and every framed view that derives from the sinuous tracing of its streets comes to highlight this perception. However, there is another density, a more intuitive one, which has to do with the quality of the land itself: a topographical, mineral compactness whose presence is revealed in a superb landscape sprinkled by granite stones which struggle to emerge and finally manage to do so in the artificial form of city walls. ávila itself is a rock amid the harsh landscape surrounding it.

Within such thickset contexts, any clear space takes on an added value much related to the concept of contrast or of boundary. In such cases a square serves as a means to free up interior space, and externally, to articulate the relationship with the city walls. The area outside the walls, usually linked to commercial activity, belies the origin of these voids which organize the space between the city inside, and the city outside. These areas which have managed to remain clear have earned the power to structure the city in the course of the years. The presence of an open space at the foot of the walls – once a river bed and later a cattle market –, where the new Congress Center shall go up, allows to think of new systems to structure the urban space.

場(chǎng)地的一大特色是斜率較大和施工區域基礎多為花崗巖，因此挖掘難度被增大。在項目設計期間，指導原則是概念密度、占地空間的廣泛性和場(chǎng)地地形特征的充分利用。鑲有花崗巖碎石的地形作為意向參考。

市政會(huì )議及展覽中心目標是成為城墻邊界一個(gè)能用于慶祝不同活動(dòng)的集會(huì )場(chǎng)所。這一區域的水平標高與基地的最高點(diǎn)持平，因此這一大片內部空間不用挖掘就能容納了所有必要的功能設施。這一點(diǎn)確保了新建筑不會(huì )因為規模大而比例不協(xié)調。由于新建筑臨河，該多層級區域被調整到與場(chǎng)地最低處的多面體折疊部分相適合。然而，建筑仍然坐落在一個(gè)高臺上，與對面的河流和河岸建立起了視覺(jué)關(guān)系。

The site is characterized by the deep slope and the subsoil, which at least in the designated construction area, is granitic, thereby making excavation difficult. During project design the guiding principles were conceptual density, generosity in the way of occupying space, and exploitation of the topographical features of the site. The landscape, studded with granite pieces, provided the references needed.

The Municipal Congress and Exhibition Center is aimed at becoming a meeting place to celebrate different kinds of events, a leveled area or plaza at the edge of the walls. The main level of this area is matched up with the highest point of the plot, so that its extension generates a large interior void that shall house, without excavation, the required functions. This ensures that the new constructions, in spite of the scale of the programs they serve, do not stand out disproportionately. As it nears the river, this leveled area adjusts with polyhedric folds to the lowest parts of the plot. However, the grounds where the building rests remain as a raised platform which allows to establish a visual relationship with the opposite bank and the river itself.

依照場(chǎng)地的輪廓，該建筑結合了兩種不同的幾何圖形設計：正交直線(xiàn)型的空間包含了禮堂和主廳，最險峻和崎嶇不平空間則是展覽區。綜合樓的入口清晰且容易找到：主禮堂可經(jīng)由廣場(chǎng)或從休息區的較高部分到達，從該休息區可以一覽內部空間。展覽區有單獨的入口，位于東邊分界線(xiàn)平臺上的切口處。由于所有不同區域都在廣場(chǎng)下連為一體，因此也可以經(jīng)由內部區域到達。這幾層樓的展覽廳都成為了門(mén)廳區域的延伸部分。所有的公共入口集中在廣場(chǎng)上，而服務(wù)區設置在北端，沿著(zhù)原有的斜坡建設。

In accordance with the contours of the site, the project combines two different geometries: the most orthogonal and elongated space contains the auditoriums and main halls, while the most precipitous and uneven one contains the exhibition spaces. Entry to the complex is clear and easy: the main auditoriums are reached from the square and from the higher part of the seating area, which allows to get a quick grasp of the interior space; and the exhibition areas have an independent entrance from the incisions on the platform in the eastern boundary and, since all the different areas are connected under the square, they can also be reached from inside the building. The exhibition halls of these levels are set out as extensions of the foyer areas. All public accesses concentrate at the square, whereas the service areas are located in the northern end, where the slope of the terrain has been maintained.

從形態(tài)和構造的角度看，該項目的靈感來(lái)源于景觀(guān)的感染力和遍布各處的花崗巖。放眼望去，或者站在城墻上往下看，建筑呈現立體而非平面狀態(tài)，如同一座從地形中雕刻出來(lái)的雕塑。因此，屋頂的垂直面必須設計的平滑。正交直線(xiàn)型的建筑是精雕細琢出來(lái)的，而包含展覽區的那棟更棱角分明的建筑則是通過(guò)廣場(chǎng)地基的傾斜建造而成，并延伸出來(lái)與周?chē)木坝^(guān)融為一體。這些褶皺產(chǎn)生的切口可以讓自然光進(jìn)入內部，也保證了該區域的獨立通道。表面沒(méi)有使用慣常的薄花崗巖，而特意采用了厚花崗巖石。

From a formal and constructional point of view, the project draws inspiration from the evocative strength of the landscape, from the granitic mass which pervades everything. Seen from afar, and high up on the walls, the building should reveal no planes, but rather leave a volumetric imprint, as a sculpture carved out of the terrain. For this reason the roofs shall be designed to smoothly extend the vertical surfaces. The elongated, more orthogonal building is precisely sculpted; and the more abrupt piece which covers the exhibition areas is built by tilting the base of the square, and then spreads to meet the surrounding landscape. These folds generate the incisions through which natural light floods the interior, also allowing independent access to this area. Instead of thin cladding, thick granite pieces shall be used.